Reflection on aseptic technique free essay sample

Technique In this reflection I am going to discuss a procedure that I have carried out whilst I have been on placement and the importance of infection control using the Aspetic Non Touch Technique (ANTT). The procedure I am going to discuss is a dressing change to a leg ulcer which took place during a routine home visit with the community nurse. I am going to use Gibbs Model of Reflection (1988), to reflect on the experience and evaluate my thoughts and feelings of the procedure, and to outline what I have gained from the experience for my future practice. After observing my mentor and other nurses performing various dressing changes using the Aseptic Non Touch technique (ANTT), and practicing the procedure under supervision a number of times I was asked to change the dressing on a patients leg ulcer. The patient was an elderly lady, who I had visited in her home to change her leg ulcer dressings previously. After introducing myself to her again and gaining permission for the procedure I washed my hands and opened the sterile dressing pack onto the floor. This was now my sterile field to put any new sterile dressings or other equipment onto in order to minimise the risk of the wound becoming contaminated and possibly infected. Within the dressing pack there are a pair of sterile gloves and an apron, some sterile gauze and a plastic bag to put any waste into. I put on the sterile apron and gloves taking care not to touch the outside of them in order to keep them sterile. I could then touch anything on my sterile field without contaminating it and so placed a second sterile sheet underneath the patient’s leg to prevent any debris from the wound from spreading across the floor. I then started to remove the dressings that were already on the wound. I did this and then disposed of them in the plastic bag provided in the dressing pack. I then used sterile water to clean the wound, takin g care to only use each piece of gauze once before disposing of it in the plastic bag. Once the wound was clean and the Nurse observing me carry out the procedure had assessed the wound, I reapplied the new dressings, which in this case were Inadine and Allevyn Gentle. Once the dressings were securely on and the procedure had been finished, I removed my apron and gloves and disposed of them in the plastic bag, along with everything thing else I had used and then washed my hands again. After leaving the patients home I discussed my practical experience with the Nurse who informed me that I although I had carried out the procedure well it was actually carried out using a clinically clean technique rather than the Aseptic Non Touch Technique as I had thought. As I had used the same gloves to remove the dirty dressings from the leg ulcer and then apply new sterile dressings I had not maintained the Aseptic Non Touch Technique. The Nurse informed me that this was perfectly suitable for the procedure I carried out as the wound was still kept as clean as possible and dressings and equipment used were sterile. Whilst carrying out the procedure I felt confident with my practice of the dressing change using the Aseptic technique. Although I was slightly nervous and self-conscious as I was aware that the trained Nurse was observing me, I felt that this did not come across in my body language or my practice. When the Nurse told me that I was not using the Aseptic Non Touch Technique I felt unsure of the whole process which then led to me re-evaluating my practice within this area. The Lincolnshire Community Health Service (LCHS) guidelines on Infection Prevention and Control (LCHS, 2011), define the Aseptic Technique as a practice or procedure undertaken to ensure the freedom from microbial contamination. It also states that the Non Touch Technique should be performed without directly touching the wound or any other surface it may come into contact with. Although at the time I thought I was performing the procedure using the Aseptic Technique upon evaluation of the experience I have realised that the procedure was not carried out using the Aseptic Non Touch Technique. By using my sterile gloves to remove the dirty dressing I contaminated my gloves, meaning they were no longer sterile. I then used the same gloves to clean the wound and apply new sterile dressings, meaning the procedure wa s not a sterile one. Despite the procedure not being sterile, it was however clinically clean. This is a modified Aseptic Technique, were the use of the sterile equipment is not as crucial. It employs the principals of the Non Touch Technique as outlined above, however the gloves can be clean as opposed to sterile (LCHS, 2011). The Infection Prevention and Control Guidelines issued by the LCHS (Appendix 7) outlines the indications for when the clinically clean technique can be used as opposed to the Aseptic Technique. This includes the application of dressings to wounds such as leg ulcers and pressure sores within the patients’ own homes. As I was within the patient’s home and performing a dressing change on a leg ulcer, I was within the guidelines for clinically clean techniques. After research into the different methods of infection prevention and control, and reflection on my own experience of these techniques within practice, I now have a better understanding of the reasoning behind the Aseptic Technique and the differences between that and the Clinically Clean technique. I am now more aware of these procedures within practice and am continuing to practice both of these techniques whilst on placement. I am also now more aware of the local trusts policies and procedures regarding dressing changes within the home, and I feel more confident with my practice of this procedure and that it is safe and evidence based as all nursing practice should be.

Women In Greek Myths Essay Example For Students

Women In Greek Myths Essay Greek MythsFebruary 18, 1997Dear Rebecca,I am writing to you today to tell you about a few wonderful myths that Ihave read. I feel that they would interest you as much as they did me. Iwill give you a brief summary on each so that they will be a little morefamiliar to you if you decide to read them at some time in the future. The first story I read was the tale of Hermes. Born on Mount Cylleneto his mother Maia, Hermes was an astonishing child. His growth was equallyastonishing for he grew at a rapid rate. Deciding he wanted an adventure,Hermes set out one day and stole a herd of cows from Apollo, the sun god. When Apollo discovered the missing herd, he set out to find them but tono avail. Hearing of a reward offered by Apollo for the recovery of the herd,Silenus and his satyrs set out as well. Traveling far and wide their journeysbrought them to a small cave, which echoed with the beautiful muffled sounds ofa melody to which they were drawn. When finding out the music was produced byan instrument made of cow gut and tortoise shell, it was then understood thatyoung Hermes had taken the herd from Apollo. Formal charges were brought to Mt. We will write a custom essay on Women In Greek Myths specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Olympus. Apollo, while going to get his remaining cows discovered Hermesmusical invention. Intrigued by this astonishing invention he offered hiswhole flock for the musical instrument. Hermes agreed, after which he inventeda shepherds pipe, which also awed Apollo. He offered Hermes his golden staffin exchange for the pipe but to no avail. In addition to the golden staffHermes wanted the knowledge of augury. He felt it was a useful art. Hermesreturned to Mt. Olympus to tell his father, Zeus, of all goings on. Zeus wasvery amused. Hermes suggested to Zeus that he be made into a herald. Zeuscomplied with this suggestion and showered Hermes with gifts. Sounds like an interesting tale, doesnt it. Well it is much better ifyou read it yourself. The next tale I read was of Krishna. This one storywas the most confusing of the four I read. To fully understand it you mustread it and interpret it for yourself. I will try to do the best I can. Rama and Krsna were two children who loved to play in the village. First they crawled and then they walked causing the village women to laugh andgiving them great pleasure. Then Krsna started to untie the cows atinappropriate times and steal milk and curds. Krsnas mother was unable toscold him after looking at the childs frightened face. She could only smile. One day a report came to her that Krsna had eaten dirt. She could not take itanymore and grabbed his hand and began to scold him. Krsna swore he had noteaten dirt and to prove this opened his mouth for his mother to peer inside. While looking into her childs mouth she saw everything that was in the world. She saw all forms of life and time, she saw actions and hopes, her own villageand herself. In the winter a group of girls celebrating vows to the goddessKatayayani went to the river, took off their clothes and chanted to Krsna. Krsna appeared and told them to take their clothes and go back to the village. When hearing the divine word from him the girls felt they had obtained what theywanted and returned to the village under Krshnas command. To fully understandthis story it is necessary to read it yourself and indulge in the vocabulary andtrickster ways, which Krshna had shown. The next tale that I would like to sharewith you is the tale of Old Man Coyote. I hope this story intrigues you as itdid me. This story told of a poor old coyote that wished he could renew hisyouth and vibrancy. One day he spotted a strong proud buffalo. He knew thatthis animal could help him so he went to ask the buffalo for his assistance. .u347a0991d566784d93466e7ed600c905 , .u347a0991d566784d93466e7ed600c905 .postImageUrl , .u347a0991d566784d93466e7ed600c905 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u347a0991d566784d93466e7ed600c905 , .u347a0991d566784d93466e7ed600c905:hover , .u347a0991d566784d93466e7ed600c905:visited , .u347a0991d566784d93466e7ed600c905:active { border:0!important; } .u347a0991d566784d93466e7ed600c905 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u347a0991d566784d93466e7ed600c905 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u347a0991d566784d93466e7ed600c905:active , .u347a0991d566784d93466e7ed600c905:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u347a0991d566784d93466e7ed600c905 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u347a0991d566784d93466e7ed600c905 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u347a0991d566784d93466e7ed600c905 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u347a0991d566784d93466e7ed600c905 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u347a0991d566784d93466e7ed600c905:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u347a0991d566784d93466e7ed600c905 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u347a0991d566784d93466e7ed600c905 .u347a0991d566784d93466e7ed600c905-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u347a0991d566784d93466e7ed600c905:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Advantages Of Accounting Standards And Principles Accounting EssayThe buffalo said that he could make the old man coyote young and strong butcould not restore his powers. Thankfully the coyote agreed to the buffalosconditions and the process began. Once the coyote was transformed into ayouthful buffalo the old man coyote began his youthful days of fun. One day,four years later another old coyote limped toward the buffalo. This time thebuffalo was the transformed coyote. The old coyote asked for the buffalo tohelp him in his elderly days and transform him into a young buffalo as well. Forgetting that he had no powers the old transformed coyote offered his servicesand said that he knew how to help him. He led the old coyote to the same hillthat he used four years ago. Following all the steps in which he had beentransformed the buffalo tried to transform the old coyote. The result of thiswas that the buffalo had become his old coyote self once more. This storyproved that if you start something it is always good to finish or the product isnot as good as the real thing. This story was much simpler to read then thestory of Krsna. The last tale I read concerned Legba, of the Fon tribe. Thistale had four different sections, the first two describe why God lives in heavenand not on Earth. The second two describe the oracles connection with God. The first section involves Legba. The tale explains how Legba and God livedtogether on Earth. God would blame all the mishaps on Legba. Yet wheneversomething good happened God would take the credit. One day Legba slipped intoGods sandals and stole the five yams which were growing in Gods garden. Sincethe rain had left the ground wet, the sandals left clear footprints in theground so the next morning they were still there. God brought everyone over tosee who fit the footprints. Legba offered the idea that maybe God had taken theyams in his sleep, so God put his foot in the print and saw that it was aperfect fit. All the people could not believe God could do this and even thoughGod blamed his son for this act, he still moved off of the Earth leaving Legbato report the doing of the people on the Earth. The second tale tells how Legba asked an old woman to throw her dirtylaundry water in to the air, as God got tired of getting hit in the face withdirty water he left Legba to see over the Earth. The other two parts of this tale explain how God watched over the Earth. One idea that has been reported is that Legba is associated with Fa. Fa livedon top of a palm tree and every day Legba would come and open his eyes. SinceFa did not like to convey his wishes out loud he would throw one palm nut downif he wanted two eyes open and two palm nuts if he wanted one eye open. Thiswas done so that Fa could look over the world. Now that I have explained about these stories I have read, I hope yousee the pattern that they are all connected by. They are all tales having to dowith tricksters. Each story conveys a different characteristic that a tricksterdisplays. In the story of Hermes, the characteristic displayed is cunning. Using his talents, Hermes avoided trouble and received not only respect andpromotion but also gifts from the people that he had stolen from. In the tale of Krsna, the mother allowed the boy to get away with hisevil deeds because of his divine powers. A perfect example of this divinityoccurred when he opened his mouth and the mother could see the whole universe. .u1310f85e58026ae7be130747983ba6d5 , .u1310f85e58026ae7be130747983ba6d5 .postImageUrl , .u1310f85e58026ae7be130747983ba6d5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1310f85e58026ae7be130747983ba6d5 , .u1310f85e58026ae7be130747983ba6d5:hover , .u1310f85e58026ae7be130747983ba6d5:visited , .u1310f85e58026ae7be130747983ba6d5:active { border:0!important; } .u1310f85e58026ae7be130747983ba6d5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1310f85e58026ae7be130747983ba6d5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1310f85e58026ae7be130747983ba6d5:active , .u1310f85e58026ae7be130747983ba6d5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1310f85e58026ae7be130747983ba6d5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1310f85e58026ae7be130747983ba6d5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1310f85e58026ae7be130747983ba6d5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1310f85e58026ae7be130747983ba6d5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1310f85e58026ae7be130747983ba6d5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1310f85e58026ae7be130747983ba6d5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1310f85e58026ae7be130747983ba6d5 .u1310f85e58026ae7be130747983ba6d5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1310f85e58026ae7be130747983ba6d5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Theodore Roosevelt EssayThis example is the divinity inherent in the trickster. In the tale of the old man coyote the characteristic displayed isunmerited kindness. This is demonstrated by the transformed coyote giving uphis youth to help another. Even though he did this unwittingly he did not haveto try to help the second coyote. The last tale showed the trickster framing another so that he couldescape Gods constant attention, and also so that he would gain the respect thathe felt he deserved. This demonstrates the characteristic of guile. In allthese stories the trickster does show a good heart but also a cunning side whichis primarily what makes him what he is and what he is infamous for. I hope my letter has brought a little insight to the subject oftricksters. Also, I hope my summaries have made you interested in reading thestories in whole at your leisure. Yours truly,

Computer Technology Essay Sample

Computer Technology Essay Sample Free sample essay on Computer Technology: Since the beginning of time technology has helped us out as a human race. From the invention of the wheel to the Internet, technology has been a great factor on the way our civilization has grown. With more and more technological advances just around the corner, our civilization will continue to grow faster and faster than ever before. Computers make life easier for people everyday. They help us to do tasks quicker and communicate with friends and family with the click on a button. Computers play a significant role in the school system as well. They help students to learn more efficiently and help them do their work. Computers offer the Internet which helps students research information for projects they may have. School computers also offer programs which can help anyone learn. An example of this is the program All The Right Type. This program helps students as well as teachers, to learn how to type faster and more efficiently. Also there are other programs which younger students can go on to help them with developing and reinforcing their math skills and reading skills. Programs like Math Circus and matching the word with the picture. Programs like these make it easy to understand and use computers, yet it also makes learning fun. Computers also make writing and doing homework easier to complete. With spell check and other spelling tools, it makes it easier and faster to complete work. This is because you are not spending all your time going through your homework looking for spelling mistakes, because the computer automatically does it for you, making your life easier. Further, Computers also benefit the development of fundamental skills. Good educational software enables children to practice and develop a broad range skills. It can help them learn, for example, about shapes, letters, numbers, rhythm, and colors. Good educational software can also help children develop their understanding of cause and effect, procedural thinking, higher order problem solving and creative expression. (www.indianchild.com) Many students have become to reliable on computers however. Many children come to libraries to access the computers and CD-ROMs rather than to read. Though such computer activities are purported to be educational, there is a fundamental difference between the skills used in reading versus those used to engage in an interactive CD-ROM. Librarians as well as teachers, should guide as many children as possible towards the text books rather than the computer. Emotional skills are also enhanced by using a computer. Children develop self-confidence and s elf-esteem as they master computer skills and use the computer to make things happen. Computers also develop social skills. In a classroom setting with many other students, or in a home when the students friends or parents are available, children often prefer working with one or two partners over working alone, which leads to the development of social skills. Lastly, computers benefit children with special needs in the school system. Computers have proven extremely beneficial to students with certain speech, audio, and motor limitations. Students with special needs can use alternative input and output devices to interact with computers and do things that they normally could not accomplish independently. What they can do through using a computer boosts their self-esteem and provides them with a greater sense of control with the world around them and their own individual lives. The Internet or the information highway provides them with the best of knowledge for their treatments and they can keep in touch with doctors or friends through out the world with the Internet. (www.indianchild.com) Computer technology will continue to assist special needs students far into the future. In conclusion, technology only benefits those who can afford it, and not those who cant. What are poor people or third world countries supposed to do when it comes to technological advances and they have no money? Does it really seem fair that poor people or third world countries get left behind, while other countries move forward in the technology world? You can order a custom essay, term paper, research paper, thesis or dissertation on Computer Technology at our professional custom essay writing service which provides students with custom papers written by highly qualified academic writers. High quality and no plagiarism guarantee! Get professional essay writing help at an affordable cost.

Word Families - a Quick Reference for Teachers

Word Families - a Quick Reference for Teachers Word Families are sometimes referred to as groups, chunks or rimes. A word family has something in common with each other, have it be the prefix, suffix or root word. For example, green, grass, grow all have the gr sound in the beginning of the word. What are the Benefits? Word families are important because they help young children recognize and analyze word patterns when they are learning to read. When teaching analytic phonics, teachers use word families to help children understand these patterns and that certain words have the same letter combinations and sounds. Most Common Word Families According to researchers Wylie and Durrel, there are 37 common word families: ack, ain, ake, ale, all, ame, an, ank, ap, ash, at, ate, aw, ay, eat, ell, est, ice, ick, ide, ight, ill, in, ine, ing, ink, ip, it, ock, oke, op, ore, ot, uck ,ug, ump, unk. ack- back, hack, pack, rackain - brain, chain, main, plainake - awake, bake, cake, fakeale - ale, bale, sale, taleall - all, ball, call, hallame - blame, came, game, samean - an, ban, can, panank - bank, drank, sank, tankap - cap, map, rap, tapash - bash, dash, rash, sashat - bat, cat, fat, matate - fate, gate, late, rateaw - claw, draw, paw, saway - day, hay, may, sayeat - beat, feat, meat, seatell - bell, fell, tell, wellest - best, rest, vest, westice - dice, mice, nice, riceick - brick, kick, pick, sickide - bride, hide, ride, sideight - bright, fight, light, nightill - bill, hill, pill, stillin - bin, chin, grin, tinine - dine, fine, mine, vineing - bring, king, sing, wingink - drink, link, pink, sinkip - chip, dip, lip, sipit - bit, fit, hit, sitock - block, clock, rock, sockop - cop, hop, mop, topore - bore, more, sore, toreot - got, hot, not, rotuck - buck, duck luck, tuckug - bug, hug, mug, rugump - bump, dump, jump, pumpunk - bunk, dunk, junk,sunk Source: Richard E. Wylie and Donald D. Durrell, 1970. Teaching Vowels Through Phonograms. Elementary English 47, 787-791.

Foundation of lawwriter 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Foundation of lawwriter 1 - Essay Example s (1953) 1 QB 401, display of goods is a willingness to conduct business or commence negotiations thus is considered as an invitation to make an offer (Mulcahy 2008). Mulcahy (2008) points out that the law of contract requires a valid offer and acceptance. An offer is an expression of willingness to enter in to a contract with the intention of creating legal obligations upon acceptance. An offer has to be communicated since there can be no ‘meeting of the minds’ the offer is not communicated. In this case, Harry has made an offer of  £1,000. According to mirror image’ rule, the acceptance by Paul must be done according to the terms of the offer. The case of Day Morris Associates v. Voyce (2003) clarified that acceptance by either words or conduct of the other party gives rise to the inference that the offeree assents to the offeror’s terms thus a valid acceptance must be done according to the terms of the offer for a legally binding contract to be formed (Mulcahy 2008). In this case, Paul has not accepted the offer from Harry since he asserts that he will accept  £1,500 thus he has made a counter-offer that extingui shes the original offer by Harry. In this case, Harry is required to make a valid acceptance that mirrors the terms of the offer from Paul. According to the court of appeal in the case of Butler machine v. Ex-cell-o (1979) 1 WLR 401, the ‘last shot’ or last offer wins the ‘battle of forms’ in instances where one party makes an offer and the other makes a counter-offer (Stone and Quinn 2007). Generally, silence is not deemed an acceptance, and thus Harry requests for three days to think about the acceptance. Although Harry has requested for three days to think about the offer, Paul has not cancelled the offer. Accordingly, the power of acceptance does not terminate if it is qualified in form, but not in substance. Paul’s offer can only be terminated through acceptance, rejection, lapse of time, counter offer and revocation. According

Business-Virgin Atlantic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business-Virgin Atlantic - Essay Example Virgin Atlantic customers mainly vary dependent on the operational routes. However, statistics have showed that the bulk of their customers come from the UK. The distribution of the UK customers is approximated to be 60% and the rest is constituted by worldwide customers. The business has categorized its customers dependent on the class they fly. It has the smallest group of customers under Upper Class passengers who are mainly business persons aged 35-45. The second group of customers flies under Premium Economy; customers flying here are fairly split between business and leisure flyers. The last grouping is the Economy passengers who constitutes the largest grouping of the Virgin customers and encompasses flyers from most socio economic groups (Tillmann 235). The leisure and business travelers remain the target customers for the airline business. Virgin Atlantic has, since inception, aimed to run a profitable airline that people love to fly as well as being a competitive employer. It has cultured its objective to include the three main stakeholders who are the business shareholders/owners, its customers and its employees. Therefore, given this primary objective, it is safe to argue that the company’s desired position is ensuring profitability, creating the right environment and impression so that customers look at it as an airline of choice in providing the right employment environment. Business Audit-Value Chain Value chain was first utilized and detailed by Michael Porter in his book Competitive Advantage. It is a summary of a business activities and their link to the competitiveness of the business. In brief, value chain looks at every single of the major activities a business undertakes. It then looks at the value each of these activities adds to the competiveness of the business/organization. In using value chain to audit a business, it is vital that one distinguishes between primary activities and support activities. Porter termed primary activit ies as those which are directly linked to the creation or delivery of a service. These are categorized as inbound logistics, operations, outbound logistics, marketing and sales, and service. Support activities are those that provide the drive to ensure effectiveness of the primary activities which include human resource management, procurement, technology development, and infrastructure. In auditing Virgin Atlantic, it is vital that one first identifies the particular activities falling under each of the five primary activities. These are identified as inbound logistics which are data on customers, trend analysis, and supplier relations. Virgin Atlantic has since inception maintained clear records on their customers and their schedules. This has ensured that the airline understands fully the customer cycles as well as their preferences a factor which helps in meeting their expectations. The airline has also streamlined relations with its suppliers, mainly, Airbus and Boeing who prov ide the aircrafts. This has ensured that their aircraft demand is met either through direct purchase or lease. This is a factor which boosts its service delivery. Operations include all the ensuing activities in enabling services. These services include proper reception in airports, proper service

Billing system Essay Example for Free

Billing system Essay The Information Flow Model (IFM) is used to understand the sources and destination of information flow, which is required to execute the business process as shown in Figure 3.5. In IFM, information or data generators and processors are brought together to explain the flow. This could be documents, e-mail, or voicemail. The contents of the flow could be text, images, or diagrams. The purpose of the flow is to take the process further to its logical conclusion. For example, a customer order is to be processed for delivery or to be rejected, and necessary data or information input has to be provided progressively in the process. IFM is generally a high-level model showing main flows, internal flows of information from sources, such as product catalogs, and manufacturing schedules. Customer profiles and accounting information are not shown. These are presumed to be present. In an information flow model, each processing stage is described as one of the following stage classes: 1. Data Supply Ââ€" where data suppliers forward information into the system. 2. Data Acquisition Ââ€" the stage that accepts data from external suppliers and injects it into the system. 3. Data Creation Ââ€" internal to the system, data may be generated and then forwarded to another processing stage. 4. Data Processing Ââ€" any stage that accepts input and generates output (as well as generating side effects). 5. Data Packaging Ââ€" any point at which information is collated, aggregated and summarized for reporting purposes. 6. Decision Making Ââ€" the point where human interaction is required. 7. Decision Implementation Ââ€" the stage where the decision made at a decision-making stage is executed, which may affect other processing stages or a data delivery stage. 8. Data Delivery Ââ€" the point where packaged information is delivered to a known data consumer. 9. Data Consumption Ââ€" as the data consumer is the ultimate user of processed information, the consumption stage is the exit stage of the system. Data moves between stages through directed information channels Ââ€" pipelines indicating the flow of information from one processing stage to another and the direction in which data flows. An information flow model is represented by the combination of the processing stages connected by directed information channels. Once the flow model has been constructed, names are assigned to each of the stages and channels. An information flow model can be used to identify the source of a data quality problem. The effects of a data quality problem might manifest themselves at different stages within an information flow, perhaps at different data consumption stages. However, what may appear to be multiple problems may all be related to a single point of failure that takes place earlier in the processing. By identifying a set of data-quality expectations and creating validation rules that can be imposed at the entry and exit of each processing stage, we can trace through the information flow model to the stage at which the data quality problem occurred. Fixing the problem at the source will have a beneficial effect across the board, as all subsequent manifestations should be eliminated!